Inclusion free essay sample

Academic essay on Inclusion. Inclusion is a process that accommodates to the educational, social and emotional needs of children, young people and families. The inclusive process can incorporate a range of specialized provision that can be accessed according to need. A key factor that determines the success, of inclusive provision is the training of staff, and the impact of that training in the planning, differentiation and presentation of the curriculum. (Reid, 2011). The aim of my presentation was to discuss and elaborate on Inclusion with my focus rimarily on the 1981 Education Act and also the link between Special Educational Needs (SEN) and Provision and what the SEN Code of Practice did to make it a fairer society and who helps pupils who are established with SEN. The Warnock report (DfES, 1978) and the subsequent 1981 Education Act represented the first attempt in the United Kingdom to take a synoptic view of the whole field of special education and to present a coherent philosophy. We will write a custom essay sample on Inclusion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The 1981 Education Act introduced the system of a statutory multi-disciplinary assessment that could lead to the Local Education Authority (LEA) issuing a statement of special educational needs. Before the 1981 Education Act came into force on 1st April 1983, the provision of special educational services in England and Wales was formulated from the 1944 Education Act. However, this Act then introduced ideas of special educational needs (SEN), statement of SEN, and integrative approach which later became known as an inclusive approach. Inclusive approach is based on common educational goals for all children regardless of their abilities or disabilities. The 1981 Education Act amended section 36 of the 1944 Education Act by imposing upon Local Educational Authorities (LEAS) a basic educational duty to ensure that very child received full-time education that was not only suitable to his age, ability, and aptitude, but also to any special educational needs he may have. (Alan, J, Marsh, 15). Furthermore, it broadened the concept of special educational needs to include any child whose learning difficulty called for special educational provision, and made it the duty of governors of ordinary schools to use their best endeavors to provide appropriate in-house support. The Green Paper (DfEE, 1997b) provides numerical evidence to support the notion that inclusion had still not increased: Across the ountry as a whole, some 98,000 pupils are educated in maintained or non- maintained special schools, a number which has been virtually constant throughout the 1990s. p45. ). Furthermore, more recent statistics provided by the DfES (2002) demonstrate that between 1997 and 2002 the total number of pupils in maintained or non-maintained special schools, including those with and without statements, fell from 98,200 to 94,500. Special educational needs only make sense in a context ot provision and t inadequacy of what is regarded to be normal levels of provision. Under the 1981 Act hat establishes a child, as having special educational needs is that he or she requires special educational provision. It does not talk about the innate characteristics of the child but about the schooling that the child receives and how they respond to it. For example, if a child is labeled as having special educational needs for instance learning difficulties, which then calls for special educational provision to be made for that particular child then there is a direct link between having special educational needs and special educational provision. The net result is that special educational needs are provision-led rather than child-led. Seamus Hegarty). It will depend on the LEAs if such provision will be made. The LEAs will have two options the first option being to conclude that the childs needs can be met from the resources available at the school or the second option would be to provide the child with a Statement of Special Educational Needs. The main differences between the first and second options is that in the former the provision to be made has to come from resources already available to the school even though, the aim in both cases will be the same which is to provide and meet the childs needs, as identified, fully and appropriately (Ahmad F RamJhun, (2002). Moreover, with the second option, the LEA provides a Statement of Special Educational Needs which is a legal document that has six parts for example, part 3 would focus on the special education provision to be made, including details of broad teaching objectives, the level of staffing support to be made available and the monitoring and reviewing arrangements. The revised SEN Code of Practice (DfES, 2001) has been effective since 1st January 2002 and in England it replaces the original 1994 Code. The SEN Code of Practice is to give practical guidance and advice to LEAS, governing bodies of state schools and overnment funded Early Years settings and to all who help them (e. g. health and social services) to meet their responsibilities for children and young people with special educational needs. It is a statutory requirement that all these bodies must take into account what the Code says when making decision. However, the Code does not prescribe what should happen in each individual case. The Warnock Report effectively made the first step towards involving parents in their childs special education and in establishing the principle of professionals working in partnership with parents. The term parents includes any one who has the parental esponsibility for example, foster care. Partnership with parents is one of the guiding principles in the SEN Code of Practice. Parents should be informed and involved at all stages so there should never be a situation where parents are unaware that their child is experiencing difficulties. There are three crucial roles in school to support pupils with special educational needs. The first being the class teacher, the class or subject teacher will report any concerns to the head teacher or to the SENCO, keep records of progress and keep parents informed and involved. However, for some tudents their special educational needs may only become apparent after a period of time for this reason assessment should be a continual process for early identification. The SENCO nas a key role in the management ot S N provision in a school and Early Years setting and generally takes responsibility for the day-to-day management of this. Other responsibilities include liaison with colleagues in the school, parents and outside agencies and the general co-ordination of SEN provision in the school.

Essay about American History

Essay about American History Essay about American History A Chronology of American History: 15th | 16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th 17th Century 1607 May 13: The first permanent English colony is founded in Jamestown, Virginia. 1619 July 30: Virginia's House of Burgesses convenes; it is the first legislative assembly in English North America. August: A Dutch ship carries 20 blacks to Virginia. We now know that these were not the first blacks to arrive in Virginia. 1620 May 21: The Mayflower Compact, signed by 41 adult males in Provincetown Harbor, Mass., represents the first agreement on self-government in English North America. December 26: The Pilgrim Separatists land at Plymouth, Mass. 1621 December 25: Massachusetts Governor William Bradford forbids game-playing on Christmas day. 1622 March 22: Indian attacks kill one-third of the English settlers in Virginia. 1624 John Smith publishes his General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles, which describes his rescue by Pocahontas. May: The Dutch establish the colony of New Netherland. May 1: The Maypole at Mare Mount. In what is now Quincy, Mass., Thomas Morton and others set up a May Pole, engaged in drinking and dancing with Indian women, and celebrated "the feasts of the Roman Goddes Glora, or the beastly practises of the Madd Bacchinalians," according to Massachusetts Governor William Bradford. Morton was deported to England. 1632 Charles I grants Lord Baltimore territory north of the Potomac River, which will become Maryland. Because the royal charter did not restrict settlement to Protestants, Catholics could settle in the colony. 1634 Massachusetts' sumptuary law forebodes the purchase of woolen, linen or silk clothes with silver, gold, silk, or lace on them. 1636 June: After being expelled from Massachusetts Bay Colony, Roger Williams founds Rhode Island, which becomes the first English colony to grant complete religious tolerance. 1637 November 7: Massachusetts banishes Anne Hutchinson for preaching that faith alone was sufficient for salvation. 1638 March: The first Swedish colonists settle in Delaware. 1654 The first Jews arrive in New Amsterdam, fleeing the Spanish Inquisition in Brazil. 1660 May: Massachusetts forbids the celebration of Christmas. December 1: Parliament adopts the First Navigation Act, which requires all goods carried to and from England to be transported on English ships and that the colonies could export cotton, ginger, sugar, tobacco, and wool exclusively to England. Other Navigation Acts were enacted in 1662, 1663, 1670, and 1673. 1661 September: Governor John Endicott orders an end to persecution of Quakers in Massachusetts, where three Quakers had been executed. 1662 A synod of Massachusetts churches adopts the Halfway Covenant, which permits baptism of children whose parents had not become full church members. 1664 Maryland adopts a statute denying freedom to slaves who converted to Christianity. A similar act was adopted by Virginia in 1667. September 7: The Dutch surrender New Netherland to the English, who rename the colony New York. The Dutch temporarily regained possession in 1673 and 1674. 1669 John Locke drafts the Fundamental Constitutions for the Carolinas, which combines a feudal social order with a stress on religious toleration. 1675 June 24: King Philip's War begins. Relative to the size of the population, this conflict between the New England colonists and