Catal Hyuk

CHAPTER ONE: Before History IDENTITIES: Complex Society Paleolithic Venus Figurines Metallurgy Social Class/Social Structure Lucy Neolithic Lascaux Cave Paintings Neolithic Revolution Agricultural Revolution MAP: Olduvai Gorge Neander Valley Catal Huyluk Lascaux CHAPTER TWO: Early Societies in SW Asia and Indo-European Migrations IDENTITIES: The Epic of Gilgamesh Sargon of Akkad Hammurabi’s Codes/Laws Stele Assyrians Economic Specialization Stratified Patriarchal Society Elite, Commoner, Dependent, Slave Cuneiform Moses Polytheism Cross-Cultural Interaction Cross-Cultural Exchange Semitic City-state Hammurabi Indo-Europeans Hittites Hanging Gardens of Babylon Bronze and Iron Metallurgy Pastoral Nomads Hebrews, Israelites, Jews Abraham Monotheism Phoenicians MAP: Oceans Seas Continents Indian Subcontinent Tigris River Euphrates River Nile Rivers Anatolia Arabia Steppes of Eurasia (Ukraine) Southwest Asia South Asia Mesopotamia Ur Phoenicia Babylon Judea CHAPTER THREE: Early African Societies and Bantu Migrations IDENTITIES: Mummification Demographic Pressures Savannah Menes Pharaoh Mercenary Scribe Cataracts Hieroglyphics Rosetta Stone Pyramids MAPS: Sudan Sahara Sahel Nile River Congo River Niger River Egyptian Kingdom Nubian Kingdom Kushian Kingdom Mediterranean Red Sea Anatolia Phoenicia Lake Chad Equator â€Å"Punt† Mesopotamia Memphis Sub-Saharan Africa Meroe Cairo West Africa East Africa CHAPTER FOUR: Early Societies in South Asia IDENTITIES: Aryans Ecological Degradation Republic Varna Jati Social Mobility Ritual Sacrifices Upanishads Samsara Mokasha Harappans Vedas, Rig Veda, Vedic Age Caste Brahmins Sati (Suttee) Dravidians Brahman Karma *MAPS*: Indus River Ganges River Himalaya Mountains Hindu Kush Mountains Bay of Bengal Harappa Red Sea Persia Persian Gulf CHAPTER FIVE: Early Society in East Asia IDENTITIES: Staple Foods Xia â€Å"China’s Sorrow† â€Å"Mandate of Heaven† Cowrie Shells Extended Family Consort Dynasty Loess Hereditary State Zhou Decentralized Administration Artisans Ancestor Veneration Oracle Bones Steppe Nomads MAPS: Yangzi River Steppes of Eurasia Southeast Asia Indian Ocean Burma (Myanmar) Mojeno-daro Huang He (Yellow) River Tibetan Plateau Southwest Asia Malay Peninsula Maldive Islands CHAPTER 6: Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania IDENTITES: Obsidian Maize Bering Land Bridge Pan-American Highway Pan-Pacific Highway Ceremonial Centers Authoritarian Society Agricultural Terraces Bloodletting Rituals Andean Highlands Andean Lowlands Austronesian Peoples Olmec Ball Games Doubled-hulled Canoes MAPS: Bering Strait Australia Oceans New Guinea Gulf of Mexico Caribbean Sea New Zealand Mississippi River Amazon River Polynesia Hawaii Yucatan Peninsula Indonesia Southeast Asia Easter Island Andes Mountains Chavin de Huantar CHAPTER 7: The Empires of Persia IDENTITIES: Archaemenids Cyrus Darius Parthians Tribute Standardized Coins Qanat Alexander of Macedonia Free vs. Unfree Labor Magi Seleucids Satrapies Royal Road â€Å"Eyes and ears of the king† Xerxes Bureaucrats Zoroastrianism MAPS: Persepolis Anatolia Afghanistan Macedonia Thrace Royal Road Bactria Iran Indus River CHAPTER 8: The Unification of China IDENTITIES: Eunuchs Castration Sian Qian Period of the Warring States Kong Fuzi Analects Ren, li, xiao Laozi Dao, Daoism Legalism Qin Shi Huangdi Great Wall Chinese Script Conscription Liu Bang Han Wudi Hegemony Yellow Turban Uprising Tribute Silk MAPS: Chang’an Great Wall Xiongnu Korea Bactria Taklamakan Desert South China Sea Samarkand Sumatra Java Guangzhou Bukhara CHAPTER 9: State, Society, and the Quest for Salvation in India IDENTITIES: Hindu Kush Mountains Political Vacuum Indus River Ashoka Maurya Bactria Tributary Alliances Monsoons Southeast Asia Varna Brahmin Siddhartha Gautama Four Noble Truths Dharma Patronage Boddhisatva Punjab Chandragupta Maurya Ganges River Patiliputra Kushan Empire White Huns Indonesia Caste System Jati Jainism Buddha Noble Eightfold Path Stupas Ceylon â€Å"Arabic† Numerals CHAPTER 10: Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase IDENTITIES: Homer Mycenaeans King Minos Minoans Polis Pericles Antigonius Selecus Socrates Plato Spatan Persian Wars Peloponnesian War Hellenistic Empires Stoics The Liad and the Odyssey Trojan War Minoan Linear A and B Helot Alexander the Great Ptolemy Aristotle Tyrant Solon Darius, Xerxes Alexander of Macefon Sappho Maps: Balkan Peninsula Crete Cyprus Aegean Sea Athens Mycenae Thebes Persepolis Knossos Byzantium Neapolis Bactria Anatolia Peloponnesian Peninsula Sparta Macedonia Troy Ionia Attica Memphis Sicily CHAPTER 11: Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase INDENTITIES: Paul of Tarsus Republic Po River Tiber River Senate Consuls Patricians Plebians Tribunes Dictator Gaul Celtics Carthage Punic Wars Latifundia Julius Caesar Octavian Augustus Marc Anthony Cleopatra Pax Romana Mare Nostrum Colosseum Pater Familias Jesus of Nazareth Bread and Circuses Diocletian Constantinople Western and Eastern Roman Empires Attila St. Augustine Constantine Visigoths Huns 476 ce Bishop of Rome CHAPTER 12: Cross-Cultural Exchange on the Silk Road IDENTITIES: Monsoon Winds Taklamakan Desrt Missionaries Epidemics Expatriate Merchants Bubonic Plague Bishop of Rome 476 ce Nestorians Syncretic/syncretism Small Pox St. Augustine Manicheaism MAP: Kush Himalaya Mountains Taklamakan Desert Taxila Persian Gulf Arabia Tyre Red Sea South China Sea Ceylon Bactria Chang’an Hindu Kush Mountains Madagascar Kashgar Caspian Sea Palmyra Antioch Arabian Sea Damasacus Guandzhou Pondicherry Samarkand Sumatra Java Parthia CHAPTER 13: The Commonwealth of Byzantium IDENTITIES: Byzantine Commonwealth Caesaropapism Corpus iuris civilis â€Å"Greek Fire† Schism Saint Cyril and Methodius Sasanids Hagia Sophia Theme System Iconoclasm Fourth Crusade MAPS: Balkan Peninsula Egypt Constantinople Alexandria Kiev Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Red Sea Caspian Sea Bosporus Strait Dardanelles Strait Anatolian Peninsula/Anatolia Sasanid Empire Damascus Rome Bulgaria Danube River CHAPTER 14: The Expansive Realm of Islam IDENTITIIES: Muhammad Arab Muslim Islam Quran Dar al-Islam Five Pillars Jihad Hajj Sharia Ka’ba Caliph Sunni Shia Hijra Umma Umayyad Abbasid Ulama Qadis Harun al Rushid Sultan Sufi Ibn Rushd â€Å"seal of the prophets† MAPS: Toledo Seville Cordoba Delhi Tunis Damascus Jerusalem Mecca Medina Palermo Baghdad Basra Isfahan Constantinople Samarkand Merv The Sind Khyber Pass Red Sea Persian Gulf Arabian Sea Indian Ocean Mediterranean Sea Indus River Al-Andalus Tigris/Euphrates Rivers Sasanid Empire CHAPTER 15 and 16: The Indian Ocean Basin IDENTITIES: Sui Tang Taizong Uigher Footbinding Gunpowder Chan/Zen Buddhism Neo-Confucianism Silla Dynasty Samuri The Sind Chola Ceylon Dhows/Junks Sufis Swahili States Yang Jian Grand Canal Equal Field System Fast-ripening Rice Porcelain Printing Paper Money Heian Court The Tale of Genjii Harsha Sultanate of Delhi Vijayanagar Monsoons Jati Angkor Wat Zimbabwe CHAPTER 15 and 16: The Indian Ocean Basin MAPS: Borders: Sui Tang Song Hangzhou Grand Canal Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River Japan South China Sea The Sind Vijayanagar Ceylon Cambay Calicut Bay of Bengal Indian Ocean Chang’an Huang He/Yellow River Korea Vietnam Sea of Japan Harasha’s Kingdom Chola Sultanate of Delhi Monsoon Winds Surat Quilon Arabian Sea Madagascar Mogadishu Malindi Kilwa Sofala Funan Angkor Mambassa Red Sea Adulis Srivijaya Sumatra CHAPTER 17 and 20: Europe in the Middle Ages IDENTITIES: Charlemagne Clovis Vikings Magyars Holy Roman Empire Serfs Vassals Manors Horse collars, watermills Heavy plows Pope Gregory I William Duke of Normandy Hanseatic League Three Estates Chivalry Guilds Thomas Aquinas Pilgrimage Gothic Cathedrals Leif Erikson Reconquista Fourth Crusade Bubonic Plague MAPS: Fankish Kingdom Papal States Britain Scandinavia Holy Roman Empire Castile Aragon Granada Portugal Navarre Iberian Peninsula Balkan Peninsula France Poland Hungary Serbia Byzantine Empire London Toledo CHAPTER 18: Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration IDENTITIES: Yurt Khan Shamans Battle of Manzikert Sultanate of Delhi Seljuks Temujin Khanbaliq Khubilai Khan Glolden Horde Ilkhanate Hulegu Yuan Bubonic Plague Tamerlane Marco Polo Gunpowder Ming Hongwu Ming Yongle MAPS: Steppes of Central Asia Persia Anatolia Manzikert Afghanistan Sultanate of Dehli Sultanate of Rum China Byzantine Empire Karkorum Samerkand Constantinople Baghdad Moscow CHAPTER 19: States and Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa IDENTITIES: Bantu Migrations Stateless Society Sundiata Mansa Musa Ibn Battuta Kinship Groups Age Groups Creator god Cotton Sugar Cane MAPS: Ife Benin Kongo Niger River Senegal River Congo/Zaire River Sahara The sahel Ghana Mali Jenne Timbuktu Gao CHAPTER 21: Worlds Apart: The Americas and Oceania IDENTITIES: Teotihuacan Chichen Itza Mexica/Aztec Chinampa Tenochtitlan Calpulli Calendars Quetzalcoatl Huitzilopochitli Pueblos Cahokia Matriarchy Confederation Cuzco Ayllus Quipu Mummification MAPS: Maya Empire Teothuacan Chichen Itza Tikal Aztec Empire Tenochtitlan Pueblo Societies Iroquois Lands Mound-building Lands Cahokia Cuzco Inca Empire Mississippi River Great Lakes Gulf of Mexico Andes Mountains Rocky Mountains Caribbean Sea Ohio River Sierra Madre Mountain CHAPTER 23: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections IDENTITIES: Vasco Da Gama Compass,Astrolab Christopher Columbus Circumnavigation Trading=post Empires VOC â€Å"Columbian Exchange† Lateen Sails Bartolomeu Dias James Cook British East India Co. Prince Henry the Navigator Manila Galleons MAPS: Portugal Spain England Netherlands Lisbon Cape Verde Islands Azore Islands Canary Islands Philippine Islands Straits of Melaka Calicut Ottoman Empire Cape of Good Hope Northeast Trade Winds Westerlies Hawaiian Islands Siberia Java CHAPTER 24: The Transformation of Europe IDENTITIES: Martin Luther Ninety-Five Theses Henry III Missionary Council of Trent Society of Jesus Thirty Years’ War Treaty of Westphalia Protestant Charles V Siege of Vienna Spanish Inquisition Glorious Revolution Louis XIV Peter I Versailles St. Petersburg Catherine II Balance of Power Capitalism Adam Smith VOC Joint-Stock Company Putting-Out System Ptolemaic Universe Newton Copernican Universe John Locke Deism MAPS: Holy Roman Empire England Netherlands Spain Switzerland Italian States Rome Paris Madrid Amsterdam Russia St. Petersburg CHAPTER 25: New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania IDENTITIES: Hernan Cortes Treaty of Tordesillas Encomienda Smallpox Conquistadors Seven Years’ War Mestizo Viceroy Mullatoes Settler colony Peninsulares Potosi Mit’a system Hacienda Silver trade Fur trade Tobacco Indentured servitude Manila Galleons James Cook MAPS: Caribbean Islands Aztec Empire Tenochtitlan Brazil Peru Mesoamerica New Castle Quebec Hispaniola Inca Empire Cuzco Mexico New France New Spain St. Augustine Jamestown Massachusetts Bay Philadelphia New Guinea Easter Island Tahiti New York Australia New Zealand Hawaiian Islands CHAPTER 26: Africa and the Atlantic World IDENTITIES: Sunni Ali Kingdom of Kongo Manioc Olaudah Equiano Maroons Call-and-response Songhay Antonian Movement Middle Passage Plantation Societies Creole Languages Queen Nzinga of Ndongo MAPS: Sierra Leone Sahara Desert Sub-Saharan Africa Songhay Timbuktu Senegal River Congo River Malindi Mombasa Kilwa Cape Town Kanem-Bornu Kingdom of Kongo Portugal Sofala Angola Cape Verde Islands CHAPTER 27: Tradition and Change in East Asia IDENTITIES: Mongols/Manchus Ming Dynasty Qing Dynasty Eunuchs Forbidden City Queue Qing Kangxi Ging Qianlong Son of Heaven Infanticide Zheng He Manila Galleons mean people† Shogun Daimyo Shinto Dutch Learning Scholar-bureaucrat Foot binding Treasure ships VOC Matteo Ricco Bakufu Samuri Fancis Zavier MAPS: Manchuria Beijing Najing Great Wall Forbidden City Korea Mongolia Tibet Burma Philippine Islands Macau Nepal Caspian Sea Vietnam Batavia Nagasaki Edo Guangzhou CHAPTER 28: The Islamic Empires IDENTITIES: Shah Jahan Taj Mahal Ghazi Janissaries Selim the Grim Twelver Shiism Babur â€Å"divine faith† Peacock Throne Isman Bey Devshirme Mehmet II Shah Ismail Qizilbash Akbar Aurangzeb MAPS: Anatolia Egypt Istanbul Belgrade Hungary Vienna Danube River Aegean Sea Black Sea Yemen Aden Malta Casoian Sea Tabriz Caucasus Kabul Qandahar Delhi Isfahan Ottoman Empire Safavid Empire Mughal Empire CHAPTER 29: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World IDENTITIES: John Locke Voltaire Rousseau Montesquieu Adam Smith Seven Years’ War Battle of Saratoga Battle of Yorktown Declaration of Independence U. S. Constitution Ancien Regime Estates General Louis XVI levee en masse â€Å"cult of reason† Robespierre Jacobins Napoleon Waterloo Olympe de Gouges Civil Code Congress of Vienna Gens de couleur Maoon Boukman Toussaint L’Overture Miduel de Hidalgo Simon Bolivar Gran Columbia â€Å"Jamaican Letter† Emperor Pedro I Caudillos Juan Manual de Rosas Lopez de Santa Anna Benito Juarez Zionism Cavour Bismark Garibaldi British North America Act Federalism Dominion of Canada John MacDonald MAPS: Paris London Berlin Masocow Madirid Boston Chicago Caracas Lima Vieena Rome Lisbon New York Mexico City Bogota Buenos Aires European Countries in 1750 European Countries in 1875 North/South American Colonies in 1750 North/South American Colonies in 1875 CHAPTER 30: The Making of Industrial Society IDENTITIES: Watt’s Steam Engine Luddites Capitalism Eli Whitney Monopolies Trusts Cartels The Demographic Transition Utopian Socialists Witte Golondrinas Factory System Adam Smith Josiah Wedgwood Corporation Crystal Palace Exhibition Thomas Malthus The Communist Manifesto Zaibatsu Henry Ford MAPS: European Countries, ca 1850 Cuba Peru United States China Japan Argentina Brazil Canada Hawaii CHAPTER 32: Societies at a Crossroads IDENTITIES: Napoleon Muhammad Ali Capitulations Janissaries Mahmud II Tanzimat Reforms Young Ottomans Young Turks Constitution of 1876 Tsar Alexander II Alexander III Nicholas II Crimean War Great Reforms Emancipation Zemstvos Sergie Witte Pogroms Russo-Japanese War Bloody Sunday Duma Cohong system Opium War Treaty of Najing Hong Kong Unequal Treaties Tributary Empire Hing Xiuquan Empress Cixi Admiral Perry Taiping Rebellion Self-Strengthening Movement Boxer Rebellion Tokugawa MAPS: Ottoman Empire (1759/1914) Russian Empire (1759/1914) Japanese Empire (1759/1914) Anatolia Balkan Peninsula Egypt Serbia Alexandria Moscow Russia Caucusus Guangzhou Korea Burma Balkan Peninsula Greece Istanbul Crimean Peninsula St. Petersburg Baltic Provinces China Hong Kong Vietnam Kyoto CHAPTER 33: The Building of Global Empires IDENTITIES: Cape to Cairo White Man’s Burden Steam-powered Gunboats Maxim Guns Submarine Cables Sepoy Revolt VOC Livingstone and Stanley Boer Wars Maoris Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary Cecil Rhodes Civilizing Missioin Social Darwinism Breech-loading rifles Battle of Omdurman BEIC The Great Game French Indochina Suez Canal Queen lili’uokalani Indian National Congress Monroe Doctrine Russo-Japanese War MAPS: Africa (1750/1914) Colonial Empires Map showing raw materials provided by the colonies CHAPTER 34 The Great War: The World in Upheaval IDENTITIES: Archduke Franz Ferdinand Pan-Slavism Triple Entente Total War Tsar Nicholas II Trench warfare No-man’s-land Home Front V. I. Lenin Petrograd â€Å"Peace, Land, Bread† Lusitania Weimar Republic Fourteen Points Big Four League of Nations U. S. S. R. Self-determination Triple Alliance Schlieffen Plan Kaiser Wilhelm II Western Front Stalemate Verdun Mustard Gas Bolsheviks Soviets Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Easter Rebellion Influenza Pandemic Woodrow Wilson Mustafa Kemal/Kemal Ataturk Mandate System Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Neuilly Treaty of Sevres Treaty of St. Germain Treaty of Trianon MAPS: Britain Belgium Austria-Hungary Italy Austrailia China Alps Marne River Paris St. Petersburg France Germany Russia Japan New Zealand Colonial Possession in Africa Seine River Nile River London Berlin Rome Vienna Sarajevo Istanbul Damascus Balkans Serbia Ottoman Empire (1914) Persia Siam German Colonies in the Pacific Verdun Dardanelle Straits Republic of Turkey Syria Iraq U. S. S. R. Palestine Yugoslavia Weimar Republic CHAPTER 35 and 36: Reactions to World War I IDENTITIES: Adolf Hitler Otto Spengler Sigmund Freud Werner Heisenberg Picasso Bauhaus Depression The New Deal New Economic Policy Trotsky â€Å"lost generation† Arnold Toynbee Albert Einstein Cubism Gauguin Gropius Keynesian Economics Red vs. Whites Kulaks â€Å"socialism in one country† Collectivization Facism Corporatism â€Å"pronatalits† policy Anti-Semitism Pogroms Muslim League Ahimsa, satyagraha Amritsar Massacre Government of India Act May 4th Movement Guomindang Mukden Incident Marcus Garvey Emiliano Zapata â€Å"land and liberty† â€Å"dollar diplomacy† vs. Yankee Imperialism† Standard Oil Company Joan Batista Somoza FDR Five Year Plan(s) The Great Purge Mussolini NSDAP Nuremberg Laws Kristallnacht Indian National Congress Gandhi Muhammad Ali Jinnah Pakistan Sun Yatsen Mao Zedong Jiang Jieshi Maoism vs. Marxist-Leninism Jomo Kenyatta Pan-Afr icanism Pancho Villa Diego Rivera United Fruit Company Getulio Vargas Cesar Sandino President Cardenas Chiquita Banana MAPS: Berlin Vienna Paris Washington, D. C. Moscow Austria Italy India Manchuria Taiwan Mexico Brazil Argentina Chile New York Leningrad Germany U. S. S. R. Rome China Japan Kenya Peru Columbia Bolivia Nicaragua Korea CHAPTER 37: New Conflagrations: World War II IDENTITIES: Axis/Revisionist Powers Allied Powers Manchuria Invasion of China Rape of Nanjing Tripartite Pact Appeasement Anschluss Munich Conference Nonaggression Pact Warsaw Pact Blitzkrieg U-Boats Luftwaffe The Blitz Lebensraum Operation Barbossa Stalin Stalingrad Lend-lease Program â€Å"a date that will live in infamy† â€Å"Asia for Asians† Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere D-Day Wannsee Conference â€Å"comfort women† Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan N. A. T. O. United Nations MAPS: Manchuria China Japan Beijing Nanjing Ethiopia Italy Spain Libya Albania Sudetenland Czechoslovakia Poland Germany U. S. S. R. Stalingrad Pertrograd Moscow Caucasus Region Dutch East Indies French Indochina Pearl Harbor Dresden Berlin Iwo Jima Okinawa Tokyo Hiroshima Nagasaki CHAPTERS 38 and 39: Cold War and Decolonization IDENTITIES: UN NATO Warsaw Pact IMF World Bank OPEC OEEC, EU GATT SALT agreements Iron curtain Superpower Yalta Berlin Blockade Berlin Wall M. A. D. Korean War 38th Parallel Domino Theory Cuban Missile Crisis Richard Nixon Nikita Khrushchev Simone de Beauvoir Betty Friedan Bob Marley Civil Rights Movement Martin Luther King, jr. Hegemony Charles de Gaulle â€Å"Brezhnev Doctrine† Alexander Dubcek Mao Zedong Prague Spring De-Stalinization Marshall Tito Detente Vietnam Muhammad Ali Jinnah Jawaharlal Nehru Gandhi Dominion-status Ho Chi Minh Geneva Agreements Balfour Declaration Abdel Nasser Suez Crisis FLN Negritude Kwame Nkrumah â€Å"Mau Mau† revolt Jomo Kenyatta Great Leap Forward Cultural Revolution Lazaro Cardenas Joan and Eva Peron Jacobo Arbenz Guzman Somoza Family Sandinistas MAPS: Berlin (East and West) Germany (East and West) Moscow Korea Cuba Hungary China India Kashmir Syria Lebanon Suez Canal Israel Algeria Kenya Argentina Nicaragua Guatemala 38th Parallel Yugoslavia Czecholsovakia Vietnam Pakistan Palestine Iraq Jordan Egypt France Ghana Mexico

Exam Guide Econs

. Assume a monopolist faces a market demand curve P = 100 – 2Q, and has the short-run total cost function C = 640 + 20Q. What is the profit-maximizing level of output? What are profits? Graph the marginal revenue, marginal cost, and demand curves, and show the area that represents deadweight loss on the graph. 3. In question 2, what would price and output be if the firm priced at socially efficient (competitive) levels? What is the magnitude of the deadweight loss caused by monopoly pricing? 4. Show that if a firm is a natural monopoly, a government policy that forces marginal cost pricing will result in losses for the firm. . Suppose a change in technology available to fringe firms increases their elasticity of supply, altering the total fringe supply curve from p = 5 + Q, to p = 5 + 2Q. If market demand is Q = 20 – p, show the change in the residual demand curve using a graph. Is the dominant firm better off or worse off after the change? 6. If a monopolist has consta nt marginal cost MC = 20, and faces demand p = 80 – Q, what is the effect on consumer surplus of a $5 per unit tax on sellers? Is the tax revenue collected less than, equal to, or greater than the consumer surplus loss plus the reduction in profits? 7.Suppose a legislator introduced a bill that would decrease patent life for new drugs from 17 years to 10 years, based on the argument that it would reduce deadweight loss through lower prices. What argument could you make against such a change? 8. Suppose a monopoly is for sale. What specifically must be purchased by the buyer in order to retain its market position? How much would it be worth? 9. Suppose a monopolist faces a market demand curve Q = 50 – p. If marginal cost is constant and equal to zero, what is the magnitude of the welfare loss? If marginal cost increases to MC = 10, does welfare loss increase or decrease?Use a graph to explain your answer. 10. The chapter notes that one possible alternative to regulation is for the government to encourage competition. Would this be an efficient mechanism to increase efficiency in an industry where the incumbent firm is a natural monopoly? 11. If a monopoly firm sells a product with price $100, whose marginal cost is $30. What is the price/ marginal cost ratio? What is the Lerner Index? And what is the demand elasticity the firm believes it faces? 12. Suppose a monopoly firm with a constant marginal cost 10 faces an inverse linear demand function p = 50 – Q.What would be the profit-maximizing price and quantity if its marginal cost doubles? How does it compare to the outcome with original cost? Answers 2. First, derive the MR and MC functions; then set MC = MR and solve. See Figure 11. 1. Deadweight loss is equal to area abc. P = 100 ? 2Q R = 100Q ? 2Q 2 MR = dR/dQ = 100 ? 4Q MC = 20 100 ? 4Q = 20 Q* = 20 p* = 60 ? = 1200 ? 1040 = 160 Figure 11. 1 3. To solve for the competitive price and output, set MC = p. 20 = 100 ? 2Q * QC = 40 * pC = 20 The magnitude of the deadweight loss is $400, which is the area of triangle abc in Figure 11. 1. 4. See Figure 11. 2.If the firm is a natural monopoly, AC falls throughout the range of demand. When AC is falling, MC is below AC. By forcing the firm to price at marginal cost, revenue would be less than cost, and the firm would incur losses equal to area abcd. Figure 11. 2 5. See Figure 11. 3. The change in technology reduces the slope of the fringe firm supply curve, allowing them to supply more of the total demand at all prices above $5, making the dominant firm worse off. Figure 11. 3 6. The $5 tax increases MC to $25. Quantity falls from 30 to 27. 5, and price increases from $50 to $52. 50. Consumer surplus falls by $71. 875 (from $450 to $378. 25). Profits fall by $143. 75 (from $900 to $756. 25). Tax revenue collected is $137. 50 ($5 ? 27. 5 = $137. 50). See Figure 11. 4. Figure 11. 4 7. In order for the legislation to have a net positive effect, any social cost must be more tha n offset by the lower prices when the patent expires. Firms would engage in less research and development. If a firm believed that a project could only become profitable in the 11th through 17th year of the patent, it would not be funded, or may be funded at a less than efficient level. The reduction in health that occurs as a result represents the social cost of the policy. . The buyer would have to purchase whatever the source is of the monopolist’s barrier to entry, for example, a patent, or the control of a resource needed for production. The value of a barrier to entry is the discounted stream of profits that a monopolist could expect to earn from that monopoly. In the case of a patent it would be the discounted stream of profits that could be earned in the remaining years before the patent expires. 9. See Figure 11. 5. When marginal cost is zero, the firm sells 25 units of output for $25 per unit. The welfare loss is equal to the area of triangle abc, or $312. 50.When m arginal cost increases to $10, the firm reduces output to 20, and the new welfare loss is def, or $250. 00. Figure 11. 5 10. No. If the incumbent firm is a natural monopoly, to encourage entry through any form of assistance or subsidy will reduce overall efficiency and lead to increased prices, because cost increases as per-firm output decreases. 11. The price/marginal cost ratio will be 100/30 = 3. 33. Its Lerner Index is 70/100 = 0. 7 and the firm believes it faces a demand elasticity of –1. 43. 12. Under MC = 10, we have 10 = 50 – 2Q, hence Q = 20 and p = 30. With the new marginal cost, we have 20 = 50 – 2Q. Hence Q = 15 and p = 35.

Night World : Secret Vampire Chapter 2

â€Å"Poppy!† Poppy could hear her mother's voice, but she couldn't see anything. The kitchen floor was obscured by dancing black dots. â€Å"Poppy, are you all right?† Now Poppy felt hermother's hands grasping her upper arms, holding her anxiously. The pain was easing and her vision was coming back. As she straightened up, she saw James in front ofher. His face was almost expressionless, but Poppy knew him well enough to recognize the worry in hiseyes. He was holding the milk carton, she realized. He must have caught it on the fly as she droppedit–amazing reflexes, Poppy thought vaguely. Really amazing. Phillip was on his feet. â€Å"Are you okay? Whathappened?† â€Å"I-don't know.† Poppy looked around, thenshrugged, embarrassed. Now that she felt better shewished they weren't all staring at her so hard. Theway to deal with the pain was to ignore it, to notthink about it. â€Å"It's just this stupid pain-I think it's gastrowhatchmacallit. You know, something I ate.† Poppy's mother gave her daughter the barest fraction of a shake. â€Å"Poppy, this is not gastroenteritis.You were having some pain before-nearly a monthago, wasn't it? Is this the same kind of pain?† Poppy squirmed uncomfortably. As a matter offact, the pain had never really gone away. Somehow,in the excitement of end-of-the-year activities, she'dmanaged to disregard it, and by now she was used to working around it. â€Å"Sort of,† she temporized. â€Å"But That was enough for Poppy's mother. She gavePoppy a little squeeze and headed for the kitchen telephone. â€Å"I know you don't like doctors, but I'mcalling Dr. Franklin. I want him to take a look at you. This isn't something we can ignore.† â€Å"Oh, Mom, it's vacation†¦.† Her mother covered the mouthpiece of the phone.†Poppy, this is nonnegotiable. Go get dressed.† Poppy groaned, but she could see it was no use.She beckoned to James, who was looking thoughtfully into a middle distance. â€Å"Let's at least listen to the CD before I have to go.† He glanced at the CD as if he'd forgotten it, and put down the milk carton. Phillip followed them into the hallway. â€Å"Hey, buddy, you wait out here while she gets dressed.† James barely turned. â€Å"Get a life, Phil,† he said almost absently. â€Å"Just keep your hands off my sister, you deve.† Poppy just shook her head as she went into her room. As if James cared about seeing her undressed. If only,she thought grimly, pulling a pair of shortsout of a drawer. She stepped into them, still shaking her head. James was her best friend, her very bestfriend, and she was his. But he'd never shown even the slightest desire to get his hands on her. Sometimes she wondered if he realized she was a girl. Someday I'm going to makehim see, she thought,and shouted out the door for him. James came in and smiled at her. It was a smile other people rarely saw, not a taunting or ironic grin, but a nice little smile, slightly crooked. â€Å"Sorry about the doctor thing,† Poppy said. â€Å"No. You should go.† James gave her a keenglance. â€Å"Your mom's right, you know. This has been going on way too long. You've lost weight; it's keeping you up at night-â€Å" Poppy looked at him, startled. She hadn't told anybody about how the pain was worse at night, not even James. But sometimes James just knewthings. As if he could read her mind. â€Å"I just know you, that's all,† he said, and then gaveher a mischievous sideways glance as she stared at him. He unwrapped the CD. Poppy shrugged and flopped on her bed, staring atthe ceiling. â€Å"Anyway, I wish Mom would let me have oneday of vacation,† she said. She craned her neckto look at James speculatively. â€Å"I wish I had a mom like yours. Mine's always worrying and trying to fix me.† â€Å"And mine doesn't really care if I come or go. Sowhich is worse?† James said wryly. â€Å"Your parents let you have your own apartment. â€Å" â€Å"In a building they own. Because it's cheaper thanhiring a manager.† James shook his head, his eyeson the CD he was putting in the player. â€Å"Don't knockyour parents, kid. You're luckier than you know.† Poppy thought about that as the CD started. Sheand James both liked trance-the underground electronic sound that had come from Europe. James likedthe techno beat. Poppy loved it because it was real music, raw and unpasteurized, made by people who believed in it. People who had the passion, not people who had the money. Besides, world music made her feel a part of otherplaces. She loved the differentness of it, the alienness. Come to think of it, maybe that was what she likedabout James, too. His differentness. She tilted her head to look at him as the strange rhythms of Burundi drumming filled the air. She knew James better than anyone, but there wasalways something, something about him that was closed off to her. Something about him that nobody could reach. Other people took it for arrogance, or coldness, oraloofness, but it wasn't really any of those things. It was just differentness. He was more different thanany of the exchangestudents at school. Time after time, Poppy felt she had almost put her finger on thedifference, but it always slipped away. And more than once, especially late at night when they were listening to music or watching the ocean, she'd felthe was about to tell her. And she'd always felt that if he didtell her, itwould be something important, something as shocking and lovely as having a stray cat speak to her. Just now she looked at James, at his dean, carvenprofile and at the brown waves of hair on his forehead, and thought, He looks sad. â€Å"Jamie, nothing's wrong, is it? I mean, at home, oranything?† She was the only person on the planet allowed to call him Jamie. Not even Jacklyn or Michaela had ever tried that. â€Å"What could be wrong at home?† he said, with asmile that didn't reach his eyes. Then he shook his head dismissively. â€Å"Don't worry about it, Poppy. It'snothing important-just a relative threatening to visit. An unwanted relative.† Then the smile didreach his eyes, glinting there. â€Å"Or maybe I'm justworried about you,† he said. Poppy started to say, â€Å"Oh, as if, â€Å"but instead she found herself saying, oddly, â€Å"Are you really?† Her seriousness seemed to strike some chord. Hissmile disappeared, and Poppy found that they were simply looking at each other without any insulating humor between them. Just gazing into each other's eyes. James looked uncertain, almost vulnerable. â€Å"Poppy Poppy swallowed. â€Å"Yes?† He opened his mouth-and then he got upabruptly and went to adjust her 170-watt Tall-boy speakers. When he turned back, his gray eyes were dark and fathomless. â€Å"Sure, if you were really sick, I'd be worried,† hesaid lightly. â€Å"That's what friends are for, right?† Poppy deflated. â€Å"Right,† she said wistfully, andthen gave him a determined smile. â€Å"But you're not sick,† he said. â€Å"It's just somethingyou need to get taken care of. The doctor'll probably give you some antibiotics or something-with a bigneedle,† he added wickedly. â€Å"Oh, shut up,† Poppy said. He knew she was terrified of injections. Just the thought of a needle entering her skin †¦ â€Å"Here comes your mom,† James said, glancing atthe door, which was ajar. Poppy didn't see how he could hear anybody coming-the music was loud andthe hallway was carpeted. But an instant later her mother pushed the door open. â€Å"All right, sweetheart,† she said briskly. â€Å"Dr.Franklin says come right in. I'm sorry, James, but I'm going to have to take Poppy away.† â€Å"That's okay. I can come back this afternoon.† Poppy knew when she was defeated. She allowedher mother to tow her to the garage, ignoring James's miming of someone receiving a large injection. An hour later she was lying on Dr. Franklin's examining table, eyes politely averted as his gentle fingers probed her abdomen. Dr. Franklin was tall, lean,and graying, with the air of a country doctor. Some body you could trust absolutely. â€Å"The pain is here?† he said. â€Å"Yeah-but it sort of goes into my back. Or maybe I just pulled a muscle back there or something The gentle, probing fingers moved, then stopped. Dr. Franklin's face changed. And somehow, in that moment, Poppy knew it wasn't a pulled muscle. Itwasn't an upset stomach; it wasn't anything simple; and things were about to change forever. All Dr. Franklin said was, â€Å"You know, I'd like toarrange for a test on this.† His voice was dry and thoughtful, but panic curled through Poppy anyway. She couldn't explain what was happening inside her-some sort of dreadful premonition, like a black pit opening in the ground in front of her. â€Å"Why?† her mother was asking the doctor. â€Å"Well.† Dr. Franklin smiled and pushed his glassesup. He tapped two fingers on the examining table.†Just as part of a process of elimination, really. Poppysays she's been having pain in the upper abdomen, pain that radiates to her back, pain that's worse atnight. She's lost her appetite recently, and she's lost weight. And her gallbladder is palpable-that meansI can feel that it's enlarged. Now, those are symptomsof a lot of things, and a sonogram will help rule out some of them.† Poppy calmed down. She couldn't remember whata gallbladder did but she was pretty sure she didn't need it.Anything involving an organ with such a silly name couldn't be serious. Dr. Franklin was goingon, talking about the pancreas and pancreatitis andpalpable livers, and Poppy's mother was nodding as if she understood. Poppy didn't understand, but thepanic was gone. It was as if a cover had been whisked neatly over the black pit, leaving no sign that it had ever been there. â€Å"You can get the sonogram done at Children's Hospital across the street,† Dr. Franklin wassaying. â€Å"Come back here after it's finished.† Poppy's mother was nodding, calm, serious, andefficient. Like Phil. Or Cliff. Okay, we'll get this taken care of. Poppy felt just slightly important.Nobody sheknew had been to a hospital for tests. Her mother ruffled her hair as they walked out ofDr. Franklin's office. â€Å"Well, Poppet. What have you done to yourself now?† Poppy smiled impishly. She was fully recoveredfrom her earlier worry. â€Å"Maybe I'll have to have an operation and I'll have an interesting scar,† she said,to amuse her mother. â€Å"Let's hope not,† her mother said, unamused. The Suzanne G. Monteforte Children's Hospitalwas a handsome gray building with sinuous curve sand giant picture windows. Poppy looked thoughtfully into the gift shop as they passed. It was clearly akid's gift shop, full of rainbow Slinkys and stuffed animals that a visiting adult could buy as a last-minute present. A girl came out of the shop. She was a little olderthan Poppy, maybe seventeen or eighteen. She was pretty, with an expertly made-up face-and a cutebandanna which didn't quite conceal the fact that she had no hair. She looked happy, round-cheeked,with earrings dangling jauntily beneath the band anna-but Poppy felt a stab of sympathy. Sympathy†¦and fear. That girl was reallysick. Which was what hospitals were for, of course-for really sick people. Suddenly Poppy wanted to get herown tests over with and get out of here. The sonogram wasn't painful, but it was vaguelydisturbing. A technician smeared some kind of jelly over Poppy's middle, then ran a cold scanner over it,shooting sound waves into her, taking pictures of her insides. Poppy found her mind returning to the prettygirl with no hair. To distract herself, she thought about James. And for some reason what came to mind was the first time she'd seen James, the day he came to kindergarten. He'd been a pale, slight boy with big gray eyes and something subtly weirdabout him that made thebigger boys start picking on him immediately. On the playground they ganged up on him like houndsaround a fox-until Poppy saw what was happening. Even at five she'd had a great right hook. She'dburst into the group, slapping faces and kicking shins until the big boys went running. Then she'd turned to James. â€Å"Wanna be friends?† After a brief hesitation he'd nodded shyly. Therehad been something oddly sweet in his smile. But Poppy had soon found that her new friend wasstrange in small ways. When the class lizard died, he'd picked up the corpse without revulsion andasked Poppy if she wanted to hold it. The teacher had been horrified. He knew where to find dead animals, too-he'dshown her a vacant lot where several rabbit carcasseslay in the tall brown grass. He was matter-of-factabout it. When he got older, the big kids stopped pickingon him. He grew up to be as tall as any of them, and surprisingly strong and quick-and he developed areputation for being tough and dangerous. When he got angry, something almost frightening shone in hisgray eyes. He never got angry with Poppy, though. They'dremained best friends all these years. When they'd reached junior high, he'd started having girlfriends all the girls at school wanted himbut he never kept any of them long. And he never confided in them;to them he was a mysterious, secretive bad boy. Only Poppy saw the other side of him, the vulnerable, caring side. â€Å"Okay,† the technician said, bringing Poppy backto the present with a jerk. â€Å"You're done; let's wipe this jelly off you.† â€Å"So what did it show?† Poppy asked, glancing upat the monitor. â€Å"Oh, your own doctor will tell you that. The radiologist will read the results and call them over to your doctor's office.† The technician's voice was absolutely neutral-so neutral that Poppy looked ather sharply. Back in Dr. Franklin's office, Poppy fidgeted whileher mother paged through out-of-date magazines. When the nurse said â€Å"Mrs. Hilgard,† they bothstood up. â€Å"Uh-no,† the nurse said, looking flustered. â€Å"Mrs.Hilgard, the doctor just wants toseeyou for a minute-alone.† Poppy and her mother looked at each other. Then,slowly, Poppy's mother put down her People magazine and followed the nurse. Poppy stared after her. Now, what on earth . . . Dr. Franklin had neverdone that before. Poppy realized that her heart was beating hard. Notfast, just hard. Bang†¦bang†¦ bang, in the middle of her chest, shaking her insides. Making her feelunreal and giddy. Don't think about it. It's probably nothing. Reada magazine. But her fingers didn't seem to work properly. When she finally got the magazine open, her eyes ran over the words without delivering them to herbrain. What are they talking about in there? What's going on?It's been so long†¦. It kept getting longer. As Poppy waited, she foundherself vacillating between two modes of thought. 1) Nothing serious was wrong with her and her motherwas going to come out and laugh at her for even imagining there was, and 2) Something awful waswrong with her and she was going to have to go through some dreadful treatment to get well. The covered pit and the open pit. When the pit was covered, it seemed laughable, and she felt embarrassed for having such melodramatic thoughts. But when it was open, she felt as if all her life before this had been adream, and now she was hitting hard reality at last. I wish I could call James, she thought. At last the nurse said, â€Å"Poppy? Come on in.† Dr. Franklin's office was wood-paneled, with certificates and diplomas hanging on the walls. Poppy sat down in a leather chair and tried not to be tooobvious about scanning her mother's face. Her mother looked†¦too calm. Calm with strainunderneath. She was smiling, but it was an odd,slightly unsteady smile. Oh, God, Poppy thought. Something isgoing on. â€Å"Now, there's no cause for alarm,† the doctor said,and immediately Poppy became more alarmed. Her palms stuck to the leather of the chair arms. â€Å"Something showed up in your sonogram that's alittle unusual, and I'd like to do a couple of othertests,† Dr. Franklin said, his voice slow and measured, soothing. â€Å"One of the tests requires that you fast from midnight the day before you take it. But your mom says you didn't eat breakfast today.† Poppy said mechanically, â€Å"I ate one Frosted Flake.† â€Å"OneFrosted Flake? Well, I think we can countthat as fasting. We'll do the tests today, and I think it's best to admit you to the hospital for them. Now, the tests are called a CAT scan and an ERCP-that's short for something even I can't pronounce.† Hesmiled. Poppy just stared at him. â€Å"There's nothing frightening about either of thesetests,† he said gently. â€Å"The CAT scan is like an X ray. The ERCP involves passing a tube down the throat, through the stomach, and into the pancreas. Then we inject into the tube a liquid that will show up onX rays .† His mouth kept moving, but Poppy had stoppedhearing the words. She was more frightened than she could remember being in a long time. I was just joking about the interesting scar, shethought. I don't want a real disease. I don't want to go to the hospital, and I don't want any tubes down my throat. She looked at her mother in mute appeal. Her mother took her hand. â€Å"It's no big deal, sweetheart. We'll just go home andpack a few things for you; then we'll come back.† â€Å"I have to go into the hospital today?† â€Å"I think that would be best,† Dr. Franklin said. Poppy's hand tightened on her mother's. Her mind was a humming blank. When they left the office, her mother said, â€Å"Thankyou, Owen.† Poppy had never heard her call Dr. Franklin by his first name before. Poppy didn't ask why. She didn't say anything asthey walked out of the building and got in the car. As they drove home, her mother began to chat aboutordinary things in a light, calm voice, and Poppy made herself answer. Pretending that everything wasnormal, while all the time the terrible sick feeling raged inside her. It was only when they were in her bedroom, packing mystery books and cotton pajamas into a small suitcase, that she asked almost casually, â€Å"So whatexactly does he think is wrong with me?† Her mother didn't answer immediately. She waslooking down at the suitcase. Finally she said, â€Å"Well, he's not sure anything is wrong.† â€Å"But what does he think?He must think something. And he was talking about my pancreas-Imean, it sounds like he thinks there's somethingwrong with my pancreas. I thought he was looking at my gallbladderor whatever. I didn't even know that my pancreas was involvedin this†¦.† â€Å"Sweetheart.† Her mother took her by the shoulders, and Poppy realized she was getting a little over wrought. She took a deep breath. â€Å"I just want to know the truth, okay? I just wantto have some idea of what's going on. It's my body, and I've got a right to know what they're lookingfor-don't I?† It was a brave speech, and she didn't mean any of it. What she really wanted was reassurance, a prom ise that Dr. Franklin was looking for something trivial. That the worst that could happen wouldn't be so bad. She didn't get it. â€Å"Yes, you do have a right to know.† Her motherlet a long breath out, then spoke slowly. â€Å"Poppy, Dr. Franklin was concerned about your pancreas allalong. Apparently things can happen in the pancreas that cause changes in other organs, like the gallblad der and liver. When Dr. Franklin felt those changes, he decided to check things out with a sonogram.† Poppy swallowed. â€Å"And he said the sonogramwas-unusual. How unusual?† â€Å"Poppy, this is all preliminary†¦.† Her mothersaw her face and sighed. She went on reluctantly.† The sonogram showed that there might be something in your pancreas. Something that shouldn't bethere. That's why Dr. Franklin wants the other tests;they'll tell us for sure. But-â€Å" â€Å"Something that shouldn't be there? You mean †¦ like a tumor? Like †¦cancer?† Strange, it was hard to say the words. Her mother nodded once. â€Å"Yes. Like cancer.†

Critically evaluate the role of creative therapies in work with Essay

Critically evaluate the role of creative therapies in work with children - Essay Example For this reason, there have been a growing number of programs designed to work with troubled children through venues other than shelters and governmental organizations (Groves, 2002b). Many of these programs attempt to discover more effective means of reaching the child in a trusting, comforting environment that speaks to the child’s level but without ‘talking down’ to them. Group interventions are one means of addressing the problem while still letting children know they are not alone and have little to be ashamed of (Peled & Edleson, 1995). These types of group meetings, often held in shelters or other community center-type settings, tend to benefit children in the 6 to 15 year age range and work to group children together in age spans of less than 2 to 3 years (Peled & Edleson, 1995). This treatment technique is not recommended for children of preschool or younger age, however, because of their natural lack of focus and reduced dependence upon peer relationships to help them cope with issues and more impulsive natures. Very small children do not respond well to sit-down sessions so require alternate forms of therapy to be developed that meet their specific needs. Regardless of the therapy approach selected, the goal is always the same. â€Å"The therapist seeks to stabilize the child’s life situation, to help the child integrate the experiences of the violent events in an adaptive manner, and to work with the child to manage the symptoms that resulted from the trauma† (Groves, 2002b). There are a number of other therapies currently being studied that may be more successful than these approaches in bringing the discussion to the level of the child in a non-threatening, non-invasive way. Several alternative and less-threatening forms of therapy have b een devised that allow children to be treated in a less-threatening environment which matches the

Post Colonial Lit & A Small Place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Post Colonial Lit & A Small Place - Essay Example With no power to launch a counter attack on any fronts, Antiguans just succumbed to the pressure. The natural process of cultural development of Antigua came to a dead halt. The nation lost the equilibrium. The power of colonization is so intense that it has the capacity to totally obliterate any culture that it encounters on the way and it leads to economic, cultural, and social and above all the slavery of the minds of the people. That is true of Antigua. The British had created a rosy picture of standard of life before the combustible younger generation of Antigua. The local populace had been experiencing for hundreds of years the impact of British culture, tradition and power and the process of slow subversion continued. The middle class was attracted by the promises and wealth-generating capability of the capitalist state like Britain. As for morals, the British were no match as compared to the standard of Antiguans. The presence of the British in different segments in the life of Antiguans is being experienced, even when they have left the country for good. Indirect colonization in the segments of culture and economy is going on unabated and unchecked, unfortunately though. Kincaid treats the arrival of the tourist the post-colonial era in Antigua in an interesting and thought-provoking style. She articulates that the tourist does not arrive with an intention to exploit. But he does expect to be treated in a preferential manner. Is it superiority complex? It is so; even though the tourist may not say it openly. He has come to a country to spend his disposable wealth and to enjoy. How do the locals react to the arrival of the tourists in their country? Kincaid explains their attitude with lots of sarcasm: â€Å"An ugly thing, that is what you are when you become a tourist, an ugly empty thing, a stupid thing, a piece of rubbish pausing here and there to gaze at this and taste that, and it will never occur to you that the people who inhabit the place in wh ich you have just paused cannot stand you, that behind their closed doors they laugh at your strangeness.†(17)The host country, lacks in the areas of industrial development and other wealth-generating infrastructure, wants such tourists, as they bring money and employment to the locals. So, the tourism industry does not have a national goal or destination in Antigua. It develops like a service industry to cater to the ethnocentric demands on this country and contributing to the further advancement of cultural colonialism. Colonists are ruling from outside, without the liability of the governance of the territory of Antigua. This is a small but intimidating book, which sets the sociologists, economists and the politicians thinking. She provides the under-represented version of what happened in Antigua, which is also true of most of the colonized countries. She attacks the Europeans viciously for all the evil they heaped upon the people of Antigua, and she has own perspective of judging the past and visualizing the present and the future. She tones town her attack and makes the realistic assessment about the plight of the people of Antigua thus: â€Å"Of course, the whole thing is, once you cease to be a master, once you throw off your master's yoke, you are no longer human rubbish, you are just a human being, and all the things that adds up to. So, too with the

How Will Mitt Romney Fare In His Bid For The Republican Party Essay

How Will Mitt Romney Fare In His Bid For The Republican Party Nomination - Essay Example The demand for knowledge about how a political process will turn out has increased the concern for what factors go into making intelligent predictions and how they are quantified. In presidential politics, of course, these factors are so innately complex and difficult to quantify that predictions are nearly always prone to failure. However, by looking at history and looking at the present together, one can piece together an accurate picture of chances or odds in formulating a semblance of a prediction. According to BetAsia, former Governor Mitt Romney’s odds at becoming the Republican nominee stand at 8/11 as of October 12 (Howard). This margin indicates a relatively good chance that Romney will secure the Republican nomination, and it is based on a bookmaker’s financial evaluation of Romney’s chances. Currently, there is good reason to agree with the bookmaker in putting the former Governor’s chances at such a high margin. Indeed, Romney has many objectiv e factors riding in his direction, including being the supposed frontrunner in a field of candidates that have the Republican base restless (Esch). Having frontrunner status bodes well for a candidate in advance of the Iowa Caucus and Super Tuesday elections: events that have historically either made or broken candidates’ dreams of the White House. Barring any crucial setbacks to those dreams, former Governor Mitt Romney is poised, based on a multitude of those predictive elements, to seize the Republican nomination for President. Section I: A Brief History of Mitt Romney In order to understand Mitt Romney as a candidate for President, one must understand his motives and policy beliefs, as they are relevant to his political campaign. Romney was born in Detroit, Michigan to George and Lenore Romney in 1947.At the age of five, his family moved from Detroit to Bloomfield Hills, after which his father took over and rescued American Motors from bankruptcy as CEO. George Romney pre sided over the Detroit Stake of the Mormon Church, which Romney would identify with as his religious affiliation (Cohn). While in high school, Romney’s father was elected Governor of Michigan, for whom he worked as an intern in the Governor’s office. Taking on odds jobs, such as a security guard and an ice hockey team manager, Romney wished to assume his father’s role. Still in high school, Romney began dating his future wife Ann Davies, whom he decided to marry near the date of his graduation. After graduation, Romney attended Stanford University for one year, taking part in the campus’s conservative movement before going overseas as a Mormon missionary. After finishing his education at Brigham Young University with his wife, now Ann Romney, he pursued a joint J.D. /M.B.A. program at Harvard University. Romney remained in Massachusetts after graduating, working as a management consultant first independently and then for Bain & Company starting in 1977. R omney began a private equity investment firm with Bill Bain in 1984, called Bain Capital. In 1990, Romney returned to Bain & Company as CEO to restructure the firm facing collapse. In 1999, he took a position as CEO of the Salt Lake City Olympic Games Organizing Committee, leaving Bain Capital once again a tremendously successful company (DealBook). Romney’

U04d1 Critique Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U04d1 Critique Case - Essay Example rtant that the boards focus on testing and challenging the various strategic options before choosing the options and stepping in blindly into the options. The reason being, the architecture of the organizations are unique in their own ways and it is essential to note that the strategy that might work on one organization may not work as effectively on other firms as well. The firms need to work towards building a successful rapport between the employees and management as well as the suppliers and management as well. Also the customers and the network of the firm need to also be constantly engaged in the firm and the related activities as well (Velasquez, 2006). As explained well by Prahlad, it is clear that the strategic architecture’s blue print needs to be discussed with complete focus on the functionalities and the inclusion of newer competencies and the improvements of the interface with the customers. Together all the aspects of the business can build up and become a success. Another important explanation by Prahlad also explains, â€Å"A core competence is a bundle of skills and technologies that enables a company to provide a particular benefit to customers† (Hamel & Prahalad, 1996). The core competencies are a gateway to the successful future and the continuous improvements of the investments and also the company growth. Hence it is very important to consider these and to work towards improving these aspects of the business as well (Mill, 1995). Also a few other questions that need to ba answered and to be considered for the case include the following. What is the foresight for the development of various external factors for the company? The main justification for this question is to realize that a successful business is one which concentrates not only on the sales and revenues but equally on the various factors that enclave it. What is the importance that is given to the governing boards on the issues of the ethical boundaries? It is important to

Chinese international expansion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Chinese international expansion - Essay Example h the solid backing from the parent organisation, ICT, Lenovo attained huge success through add-on cards market that became the utmost chief source of returns in this phase (Ronghui, 2005 p. 19). From 1991, Lenovo Group Ltd. started to vend its own PCs brand. Because of its suitable business approaches, it put up a renowned PC brand within Chinese market within a very brief time. By 1994, Lenovo Group converted to a public firm, listed at the Hong Kong Stock-Exchange. By 1997, it beat IBM, HP and Compaq turning into the leading computer vendor in China and has remained in the first place up to now with an incessantly expanding market-share of virtually 30 per cent of the total market-share. Its product groupings have been differentiated to encompass PC modules, servers, printers, digital cameras, network machines and mobile phones (Ronghui, 2005 p. 25). Though Lenovo attained the excellent success within national market, its global business still remained in a premature stage. Afore the IBM PCD’s acquisition was announced, its foreign ventures have been established only within a few overseas countries largely focusing upon East-South Asia (Ronghui, 2005 p. 22). Lenovo sales from foreign market accounted for roughly only 10 percent of Lenovo’s overall revenue. Before the IBM PCD’s acquisition, Lenovo was, nonetheless, continuing with a premature phase of internationalisation procedure of employing stages approaches, for instance, Dunning’s eclectic model or Uppsala model. For example, through employing Dunning’s IDP methodology, Lenovo’s was in the phase two up to time of acquisition. Rendering to these stages concepts, Lenovo should have followed an incremental procedure for its transnational expansion procedure. Nonetheless, Lenovo assimilated IBM PCD and... Overseas investment holding firms play a crucial role within the outward investment stratagems of Chinese private and state-owned businesses via onward journey outward foreign direct investment. A good example is the IBM PC’s acquisition by Lenovo. Seeking strategic assets is absolutely not the most crucial driver of outward foreign direct investment within these private corporations, majority of which can suffer more grim financial constrictions than big state-owned firms. A crucial reason for international expansion in these companies is to expand affairs with other prosperous TNCs, often operating as suppliers to engineering OEMs, and/or as providers of services. In the case for Lenovo, it is evident that the companies in the early instance, they develop their own fundamental resources as well as capabilities. There exists a genuine function for tax harbours as well as offshore financial hubs, as they allow economic endeavour to transpire that otherwise might never have occ urred. The establishment of partners in tax sanctuaries is not essentially harmful. Undeniably, an unplanned tax laws consequence supporting foreign investment within China is that it has generated inducements for firms to move overseas. Offshore holding firms in renowned tax harbours, in effect, may as well build a good basis for more international expansion.

Disney Culture, Social Responsibility and Corporate Identity Research Paper

Disney Culture, Social Responsibility and Corporate Identity - Research Paper Example The Studio Entertainment unit is the foundation on which the Walt Disney Company would be built, and at its heart are world-renowned animated features and live-action motion pictures. (Kotler 24) The Disney Company had a well defined corporate identity and worked extremely hard to control their public image. This resulted to businessmen and organization interested in placing Mickey Mouse character, logos and images on the cover of their products. The Consumer Products extended the Disney brand to merchandise ranging from apparel, toys, and books to interactive games, foods and beverages, electronics and delicate art. The founder of Walt Disney Company, Walt Disney died on December 15, 1966, of lung cancer. His persona that is the Walt Disney the character, and the role of Roy Disney and the creative input of nine old men, should never be underestimated while considering the history of the company (Michaels 45). Roy Disney took over as chairman, CEO, and president of the company after the death of his brother. One of his first acts was to rename Disney World as "Walt Disney World," in honor of his brother and his vision. Walt Disney had a vision of building Disneyland. These parks served as valuable role in shaping the Disney identity as well as for tourist attractions. Walt Disney could quote saying,† Disneyland began when my two daughters were extremely young. Saturday was always Daddy's Day, and I would take them to the merry-go-round and sit on the bench eating peanuts while they rode, sitting there, alone, I felt there should be something built of Family Park where parents and children could have fun together. (Williams 34) The death of Walt Disney snatched a brilliant innovator, who was constantly inventing and reinventing to keep his studio ahead of the game. Even after his death, the company, which bears his name, has continued with his philosophy. The new technique is the animated feature which is now more competitive than ever. The Walt Disney Co mpany Director, Emaritus Roy E. Disney, died on stomach cancer on December 16, 2009. During his time of death, he had owned roughly 1% of the Disney which could amount to 16 million shares. Roy Disney was the last member of Disney family to be actively involved in the operation of the Walt Disney Company and also working in the company altogether (Wasko 63). At the time of Roy Disney death, the Chief Executive Officer was Mike Eisner who took the reins in 1884. He could be credited for turning Walt Disney around through his policy of expansion into television, the internet, sports, publishing and music. Due to these range of media companies, problems continued to arise. This led to his criticism as a result of poor management of the company and also he was not popular with members of the board as compared to Roy Disney. The poor management of Disney Company, led to some of Disney’s animated family films, being accused of having sexual references in them. For example,’ the little Mermaid’,’ Aladdin’ and the Lion King’. This resulted to the recollection of the copies distributed \, and modifications of the films to remove such content (Smoodin 17). Disney Corporate social responsibility Corporate social responsibility refers self regulating mechanism formulated by businesses for their interaction with the outside factors. The business monitors and ensure that its actively complying with ethical standards and international norms. The goal is to foster

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A Long Way Gone by Ishmael Beah (Book Report) - Essay Example Beah’s demeanor is that of a man who has experienced wide growth from a childhood of war. The book promises to be a story of triumph and victory. When first reading the chronology in the back of the book, it leads the reader through a political maelstrom full of a twisting tale of governmental breakdowns and churning disruption of leadership. Power is transferred back and forth between factions creating an instability that will lead to a rebellion beginning in March of 1991 that would set the stage for Beah‘s story. That rebellion is manifested in the Revolutionary United Front lead by Charles Taylor and is more infamously known by its acronym, the RUF. Those letters become a source of terror in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone’s history is full of struggle. The country was occupied and colonized by Britain. The famous story of the Amistad, a slave ship where a rebellion by the slaves occurred the story of which was later immortalized on film, was lived out by slaves who were taken from Sierra Leone. During the colonization a hut tax was created in 1898 by the British that taxed the citizens according to hut size. This act resulted in two rebellions. In 1951 the beginning of decolonization began as a constitution was enacted by the British for local citizens. In reading the chronology it is initially apparent that the RUF was created for an altruistic cause. The RUF seeks to abolish the corruption of the All Peoples Congress, or the APC. They have begun a rebellion to overturn a government that they do not believe serves the needs of its people. Seeing this history before reading the book brings into question of how such turmoil in government could directly affect a childhood. Beah begins his story with an exchange between himself and other teenagers after he has been relocated to New York. â€Å"Why did you leave Sierra Leone?† â€Å"Because there is war.† â€Å"Did you witness some of the

Analysis Of Scientific c Essay Example for Free

Analysis Of Scientific c Essay The first step in the scientific method is to perform some background research and in the news article (â€Å"Engineers Create New,† 2008). It is implied that this step had been followed because it mentions that other researchers have already made several studies and experiments and have been doing it for several years. It is obvious that the scientists in the current study have performed a background analysis of previous efforts to develop other adhesives. The second step is the formulation of the hypothesis and in this particular news, the hypothesis is whether it is possible to formulate an adhesive that emulates the capability of the hairs on the toes of the gecko lizard that are able to clean themselves without having to use water or chemicals. This would be an interesting result because normally, dirt would stick to an adhesive and it would lose its stickiness in the process. Fearing explains that the ultimate goal is to develop an all-terrain robot that can emulate the gecko lizard that could walk on dirty surfaces along walls and ceilings (â€Å"Engineers Create New,† 2008). The next step in the scientific method is to conduct several experiments to test the hypothesis and the news article provides a rough sketch of the experiments that the engineers had conducted, where they use microfibers made from stiff polymers to represent the toe hairs and microspheres with diameters ranging from three to 10 microns to simulate dirt (â€Å"Engineers Create New,† 2008). After the experiments, an analysis of the results was made, and it was mentioned that it was indeed possible for the microfibers to get rid of some of the dirt after every simulated step of a gecko lizard. As a conclusion, it is indicated that it is possible to make an adhesive that cleans itself but further studies have to be made with other kinds of surfaces because in these experiments, only glass was used. Looking at the scientific soundness of the news article, we can see that there is no mention of the sample size, which is quite common in such kinds of articles. As we can see, this article is lacking in this respect but it could be assumed that this is mentioned in the actual report made by the scientists. As for the control group, there is no specific mention of the researchers actually performing an experiment where common adhesive materials are used instead of the microfibers being studied. The news report is also lacking in this respect but it could have been assumed that it is the common knowledge of the reader that with the usual adhesive, dirt accumulates until it is no longer sticky. In the study, the independent variables are the range of the sizes of the microspheres and the characteristics of the glass surface and the microfibers. The dependent variable is the quantity of microspheres that get deposited on the glass surface every time the simulated step of a gecko is performed on it. Another dependent variable is the adhesion strength of the new adhesive material after several steps have been done. There would be some suspicion of bias in the part of the researchers if a particular result would serve to benefit them. Taken in this light, almost everyone could be suspected of bias but in this study, the scientists are scholars who appear to be genuine in their desires to create something useful for humanity. References University of California Berkeley (2008, September 10). Engineers Create New Gecko-like Adhesive That Shakes Off Dirt. ScienceDaily. Retrieved June 23, 2009, from http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2008/09/080910090610. htm

Leonard Michaels in Murderers Essay Example for Free

Leonard Michaels in Murderers Essay â€Å"I was not a happy teen. I’d never write about being happy†, were the exact words written by Leonard Michaels, a novelist, short story writer, critic, and professor, in his published diaries. He did go through with his word. Every single one of his works revolved on unique personal sadness, including his famous work, and the center of this paper, â€Å"Murderers†. Michaels’ style of writing was greatly influenced by his personal experiences. Being born on Polish immigrants and being raised on the Lower East Side of New York, you could expect something of a dramatic and inappropriate childhood setting with his daily life. The story was written in a terse, direct way, and surprisingly, for something too tragic, very specific. The readers could expect to be taken by melancholy, bleakness, and despair for his style is quite effective to his audience. His tone, grammar and usage of imagery revealed too much of him that he ultimately made his presence known in his work. His vocabulary has a trace of the 1940’s expressions, since the setting was exactly where he grew up. His sentences oftentimes are both astonishing and illuminating, like the way his characters just shrugged off someone’s death in front of their eyes. It, in a way, revealed a lot of unwanted truths about his unfortunate life, and that of those who live in the area. The whole story was written like it was a reflection of the things he regrets, and reading it was totally eye opening. It made the readers, especially me, realize how fortunate we are. Fortunate not to have had the same horrifying experiences.

The issue of global food security in the future

The issue of global food security in the future Introduction Food is a necessity for life, yet millions of people every day go without it, due to a lack of global food security. Food has been used for millenniums to bring people together, yet there are people in poverty every day that don’t know where their next meal is coming from. With the population steadily growing, now is a more important time than ever to eradicate hunger around the world. Description of the issue With the population set to have increased by more than 35% (Foley, 2014) in 2050, we will be faced with the reality of having to feed nine billion people. For this to be achievable, crop production would need to double, as it would have to significantly outpace population growth. With millions currently starving around the world, global food security doesn’t seem achievable. However, if we work together and are guided by the principles of human flourishing, the agriculture industry should be able to grow alongside our population, eventually resulting in food security for all. Reasons why this issue is one associated with social justice The United Nations (un.org, n.d.) defines social justice as â€Å"an underlying principle for peaceful and prosperous coexistence within and among nations. We uphold the principles of social justice when we promote gender equality or the rights of indigenous peoples and migrants. We advance social justice when we remove barriers that people face because of gender, age, race, ethnicity, religion, culture or disability†. Food stability is an issue associated with social justice due to the millions of people starving around the world every day because of a lack of access to food, or an inability to purchase it. Food is a necessity to live, and therefore should be available to all, regardless of geographic location, economic status, or any other disability. Stakeholders involved in this issue and analysis of their perspectives Scientific research and development bodies play a vital role in the issue of food security going forward. Global partnerships such as CGIAR work towards research for agricultural production in the developing world. Their aim is to â€Å"identify significant global development problems that science can help solve; collect and organize knowledge related to these development problems; develop research programs to fill the knowledge gaps to solve these development problems; catalyze and lead putting research into practice, and policies and institutions into place, to solve these development problems; lead monitoring and evaluation, share the lessons we learn and best practices we discover; conserve, evaluate and share genetic diversity; and strengthen skills and knowledge in agricultural research for development around the world† (CGIAR, n.d.). Through their aims, they hope to achieve four main goals: reduce rural poverty, improve food security, improve nutrition and health, and have sustainably managed natural resources. CGIAR believe that science can make radical changes to the current issue of food security, and it has been cited that â€Å"one dollar invested in CGIAR research results in about nine dollars in increased productivity in developing nations† (CGIAR, n.d.). Partnerships and bodies such as CGIAR want the current situation in regards to food security to change, as they realized that the present condition is neither sustainable, nor fair, and while it may not be easily fixed, scientific breakthroughs make the issue of food security appear to be one that can be solved. Farmers make up for 60% of the worlds population (apcentral.collegeboard.com, n.d.), yet they are constantly under threat from large corporations buying up their land. Many countries also face the issue of how to ensure increased efficiency in farming the land we already have, as Foley (2014) states â€Å"most of the land cleared for agriculture in the tropics does not contribute much to the world’s food security but is instead used to produce cattle, soybeans for livestock, timber, and palm oil. Avoiding further deforestation must be a top priority.† There are currently â€Å"yield gaps† between existing production levels and those possible in areas such as Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. â€Å"Using high-tech, precision farming systems, as well as approaches borrowed from organic farming, we could boost yields in these places several times over† (Foley, 2014), which is important in providing more food to the world, while not increasing the size of the agricultural footprint. If farmers were able to invest in these technologies, such as subsurface drip irrigation, cover crops, and mulches, there may be a high upfront cost, but they would be producing more, which would lead to them increasing their profit once the produce is sold. With a higher profit, these small farmers may be able to better stand their ground against large corporations. These methods of organic farming are also more environmentally friendly, which is important as issues such as climate change have a large impact on agriculture. While it is often believed that small farmers are better, putting more heart and soul into what they do, there is still a role for multinational agribusinesses in the road towards food security. Many of these businesses, such as Monsanto, have been working to develop products, and methods to help farmers grow more on the land they have. Agribusinesses work closely with the scientific research and development bodies, as they are often the largest investors. Companies, like Monsanto, have spent millions on developing agricultural innovations in key areas, such as breeding, where they select the more desirable traits from existing plants; biotechnology, where they add these beneficial traits into the DNA of another plant; integrated farming systems (IFS), which helps farmers utilise the resources they have for maximum yield, while reducing the amount of wasted resources; and chemistry, where studies are done to minimise environmental impact of herbicides, while still protecting crops from pests (Monsanto.com, n.d.). Companies like Monsanto recognise that they need to invest further in agriculture, as the lack of food security means that they are being badly perceived, and largely blamed, due to their for-profit nature, and their use of terminator genes in their seeds, leaving a heavy financial burden on farmers, as they are unable to use the seeds again for next year. Many foods are already genetically modified, but Monsanto’s lack of ethical boundaries in doing so (such as the terminator gene to boost their profits, and crops that will only work in conjunction with their other products to gain and to capture a captive market), has resulted in public outcry against the corporation worldwide. Protest against the company has come from all corners of the globe, not just the United States, and Australia, as it is the farmers in the developing world that are most effected. These sort of issues need to be addressed if we are to produce enough food for the growing population, as all farmland ne eds to be utilised efficiently, not just those farmers who can afford it. Analysis of the issue in relation to the common good and the principles of human flourishing The common good can be defined as benefiting everybody in the world. Human flourishing comes from the Greek word eudemonia, which is a core idea to Aristotelian philosophy. It promotes the idea that by working together, and finding meaning in our lives, we will flourish as a whole. The principles of human flourishing guide us in ways we can work together and find the meaning we need to achieve this. Global food security is an issue affecting the word, where the current injustice of the many people left malnourished needs to be responded to at a global level. The common good urges us to work together in collaboration to take responsibility for those around us, and pursue conditions in which we can achieve a life that is good for all, not just a majority. In order to achieve this, we must fight against injustices, such as Monsanto’s mistreatment of small farmers, at both local and global levels. Charity organizations can only do so much to help, and promoting the common good often challenges many current social values, and social structures that allow these injustices to take place without government interference. The main principles of human flourishing relating to the issue of food security is: the dignity of the human person, preferential option for the poor, stewardship of creation, and solidarity. The dignity of the human person is an important principle in food security, as it promotes the rights of those who may not be able to bring attention to their needs themselves. Avocation is important, as it is often those who need the most help that are unable to ask for it. Many small farmers in Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe are struggling to produce enough food, not just for global consumption, but also for themselves. Due to their nature as small farmers and not multination businesses, their voice isn’t often heard when speaking out against the problems in the agriculture industry worldwide, such as Monsanto’s use of terminator genes in their seeds, which further disadvantages the poor. The poor cannot afford to keep buying new seeds every season, often relying on the seeds gathered from last season to replant. This keeps costs low for small farmers, and allows them to increase their profit margin. Monsanto’s use of the terminator gene means that the seeds can only be used once, and often only used when combined with other Monsanto products. Monsanto has been suffering public backlash over these issues for years as a result. A preferential option for the poor would see governments and not-for-profit organizations providing resources, such as non-genetically modified seed, or fertilizer, to these smaller farmers, allowing them to kick start their production. This would utilize the land already cleared for farming, and reduce environmental impact as well. Stewardship of creation is the principle of looking after the planet. Agriculture has already lead to â€Å"an area roughly the size of South America† (Foley, 2014) being cleared for crops, and even more land â€Å"roughly the size of Africa† (Foley, 2014) has been cleared as pastureland for livestock. This has resulted in the loss of whole ecosystems, and is not sustainable. Particularly with the rise of global warming, deforestation is not an option. In order for us to maintain the planet for future generations, we must use the land we have available more efficiently so we can still produce enough to provide food security. It is our responsibility to care for the planet, so it can care for us in return. Solidarity is the principle that it is our responsibility to care for each other across racial, economic, cultural, national, and ideological differences, while promoting rights for every person. In order to accommodate their needs, we must first recognize that everybody is different; while there are people starving in developing nations around the world, there are also many homeless and hungry people right here in Sydney that require our help. Their needs may differ greatly, despite their common problem of a shortage of food. Solidarity is recognizing those abroad, as well as those at home, and working towards global food security together. A proposed resolution for realising the common good In order to reach global food security by 2050, we must take steps now to be able to achieve the common good. With scientific developments, we are able to better develop the land we already have available, allowing us to produce more without further damaging the environment. By utilising high-tech farming systems, we can work towards reducing the yield gaps we currently have, boosting the output from these areas, as well as providing a much more reliable source of income to these small farmers. With the scientific research and developments that have taken, and are currently taking place, small farmers are able to better understand the best ways to work their land, not only to create a higher yield, but also to save and use resources more efficiently. This helps the environment, as up to 70% of water is used in agriculture, and also saves the small farmers money. A big part of realising the common good is understanding our part in it on an individual scale as well. We may not be scientists or farmers, but by participating in actively changing our diet, we, too, can help global food security be achievable by 2050. As Foley (2014) states, â€Å"for every 100 calories of grain we feed animals, we get only about 40 new calories of milk, 22 calories of eggs, 12 of chicken, 10 of pork, or 3 of beef. Finding more efficient ways to grow meat and shifting to less meat-intensive diets—even just switching from grain-fed beef to meats like chicken, pork, or pasture-raised beef—could free up substantial amounts of food across the world†. Conclusion Global food security is an issue that affects us all. Agriculture is one of the oldest and largest industries in the world, but it still has a long way to go before it is able to cater for the growing population. However, the issue has been recognised, and together, we are working towards eliminating hunger, and providing food security by 2050.

Causes of Child Abuse :: Abuse Violence Children Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many causes on the various types of child abuse. Child abuse is when violence and cruelty occur against children. Eight percent of all children abused are emotionally maltreated. Sixteen percent are sexually abused. Twenty-seven percent are physically abused. Fifty-five percent of all children abused are neglected (â€Å"Child Abuse† 116). There are many types of abuse. Parental neglect or nutritional deprivation is the most common technique of abusing a child (â€Å"Child Abuse† 116). An example of this would be when a child is irregularly fed or kept in dirty clothes for a long period of time (â€Å"Child Abuse† 222). The second most common way of abusing a child is physical abuse (â€Å"Child Abuse† 116). Physical abuse is when a child is slapped, hit, kicked, shoved, or has objects thrown at them (â€Å"Child Abuse† 222). Another common way of abusing a child is sexual abuse (â€Å"Child Abuse† 116). Fondling, masturbation, intercourse, and pornography are a few of the things that are done to a child when they are abused sexually (â€Å"Child Abuse† 222). The last way to abuse a child is through emotional abuse (â€Å"Child Abuse† 116). When the abuser humiliates the child, reprimands them, or other acts that are carried out over time (â€Å"Child Abuse† 222).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Certain situations increase the risk of child abuse. These problems cause stress and tension which is sometimes expressed in neglect or violence toward a child. Many adults that abuse their children were abused as kids themselves. The parents are immature, unstable, lonely, and feel unloved (â€Å"Child Abuse† 222). They repeat what was done to them uncontrollably in violent outbursts. The abusive parents are unaware of any other way of acting. They may think that beating a child is normal. Sometimes the parents might also think that their children â€Å"deserve† to be abused, just as they â€Å"deserved† it when they were younger (â€Å" Child Abuse: Opposing Viewpoints† 108). This is one of the many causes of child abuse. Drug addiction also increases the chances of child abuse. The addiction to drugs makes parents less responsible. It also makes them more violent toward their children both physically and emotionally. All drug addicted parents attention is focused towards the drugs and as a result of that they pay less attention to their kids (â€Å"Child Abuse† 85-90).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Poverty is also a cause of child abuse. The parents can’t cope with the stress of poverty, which leaves the children to bear the brut of their parents’ frustration.

Michael Porters Analysis Of Starbucks Essay -- essays research papers

Michael Porter, a Harvard Professor introduces his ideology of the Five Forces model that shapes the competition in the industry. Each force is interrelated and therefore leads into the other to show the elements directly involved in the further success or ultimate success of the firm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Starbucks Coffee Co. throughout its existence since 1971, with its great management team, innovative style of thinking and strong will to succeed in compliance with its mission and vision statements has and continues to overcome its barriers by recognizing such strategic planning as those included in Porter’s five forces model. The model includes such components as Barriers to Entry, Supplier and Buyer Power, Threat of Substitutions, and most importantly the Industry Competitors. Starbucks throughout its existence has addressed each and every one of Porters forces with a positive edge that has greatly contributed to the success of the company. Starbucks took many risks and spent capital that it really did not have. To build a corporation based on intuition and a trip to Italy has undoubtedly paid off in the long run which is evident throughout the year that Starbucks has been in operation. Howard Schultz, CEO and founder of the company, has stuck to his con viction not to â€Å"sacrifice long-term integrity and values for short-term profit.† He knew if he played his cards right and stuck to his guns it would only be a matter of time that Starbucks would become the world largest coffee industry in the world. He wanted the company to become and international outlet for coffee consumers which not only included men and woman but also addresses the needs and wants of those of all ages and nationalities, children, students and any other category of people that have and interest in Starbucks diverse product line. With constant dedication to the company’s vision and mission statement and believing in the value of market share and name recognition and how critical they are to the success of the company, he was able to achieve his goal within a few years. During this time of course he has been able to open a total of 1,100 stores and continues to do so until this day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Starbucks Coffee Co. continues to address the issues introduced in Porter’s Five-Force Model as such:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Entrants (Barriers to Entry i... ...mployees). Starbucks also only acquires companies that comply with the ethical beliefs and standards set forth by the company because it is believed that this is the only way a company merger can survive or be successful in the long-term. When a foreign company does not comply with the standards set forth by them, Starbucks reacts instantaneously. An example of such an instance was in 1995 when they reacted to the neglectful treatment of the workers in Guatemala who were earning less than $3.00 a day, by enforcing a code of minimal working conditions and pay for foreign subcontractors. The company’s guidelines call for overseas suppliers to pay wages and benefits that â€Å"address the basic needs of workers and their families† and to only allow child labor when it does not interrupt required education (58-11).† Starbucks can be considered a trendsetter not only in products but also in the area of work ethics by sticking to its mission of the company and apply ing it whether working domestic or foreign. Starbucks is socially responsible and responsive to not only the issues affecting the company and the employees but also to that of the community through which they are able to exist. Michael Porters Analysis Of Starbucks Essay -- essays research papers Michael Porter, a Harvard Professor introduces his ideology of the Five Forces model that shapes the competition in the industry. Each force is interrelated and therefore leads into the other to show the elements directly involved in the further success or ultimate success of the firm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Starbucks Coffee Co. throughout its existence since 1971, with its great management team, innovative style of thinking and strong will to succeed in compliance with its mission and vision statements has and continues to overcome its barriers by recognizing such strategic planning as those included in Porter’s five forces model. The model includes such components as Barriers to Entry, Supplier and Buyer Power, Threat of Substitutions, and most importantly the Industry Competitors. Starbucks throughout its existence has addressed each and every one of Porters forces with a positive edge that has greatly contributed to the success of the company. Starbucks took many risks and spent capital that it really did not have. To build a corporation based on intuition and a trip to Italy has undoubtedly paid off in the long run which is evident throughout the year that Starbucks has been in operation. Howard Schultz, CEO and founder of the company, has stuck to his con viction not to â€Å"sacrifice long-term integrity and values for short-term profit.† He knew if he played his cards right and stuck to his guns it would only be a matter of time that Starbucks would become the world largest coffee industry in the world. He wanted the company to become and international outlet for coffee consumers which not only included men and woman but also addresses the needs and wants of those of all ages and nationalities, children, students and any other category of people that have and interest in Starbucks diverse product line. With constant dedication to the company’s vision and mission statement and believing in the value of market share and name recognition and how critical they are to the success of the company, he was able to achieve his goal within a few years. During this time of course he has been able to open a total of 1,100 stores and continues to do so until this day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Starbucks Coffee Co. continues to address the issues introduced in Porter’s Five-Force Model as such:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Entrants (Barriers to Entry i... ...mployees). Starbucks also only acquires companies that comply with the ethical beliefs and standards set forth by the company because it is believed that this is the only way a company merger can survive or be successful in the long-term. When a foreign company does not comply with the standards set forth by them, Starbucks reacts instantaneously. An example of such an instance was in 1995 when they reacted to the neglectful treatment of the workers in Guatemala who were earning less than $3.00 a day, by enforcing a code of minimal working conditions and pay for foreign subcontractors. The company’s guidelines call for overseas suppliers to pay wages and benefits that â€Å"address the basic needs of workers and their families† and to only allow child labor when it does not interrupt required education (58-11).† Starbucks can be considered a trendsetter not only in products but also in the area of work ethics by sticking to its mission of the company and apply ing it whether working domestic or foreign. Starbucks is socially responsible and responsive to not only the issues affecting the company and the employees but also to that of the community through which they are able to exist.

Dizziness - The Search for Balance :: Biology Essays Research Papers

On the Search for Balance: A Balancing Act in the Midst of Dizziness Imagine that you are 6 years old again. You are at a playground clutching a pole on the merry-go-round, which is whirling as fast as your friends can run to keep the merry-go-round going. Your friends let go and when you jump off as the merry-go-round stops spinning, you fall because the world seems to wobble out of control. Although you have stopped spinning on the merry-go-round, your brain tells you otherwise. This is the everyday reality for a chronically dizzy person. Following headaches and lower-back pain, dizziness is the third most common medical complaint in the United States. More than 90 million people in the United States will experience a spell of dizziness at some point in their lives (1). Dizziness is a sensation people feel when they lose their sense of spatial orientation. In other words, people feel dizzy when they lose some of their immediate contact with their physical surroundings. A simple disoriented feeling may occur, or one may experience a feeling of movement or of being off balance (2). In most cases, dizziness arises naturally from unusual changes that disrupt the normal feeling of stability. However, a disturbance or a disease in the system that maintains balance can also cause dizziness (3). What could be the cause of this internal lack of balance? Although many forms of dizziness exist, such as Meniere's disease, I am going to focus on what keeps us balanced. The issue of balance first interested me when my mother had gone to see an acupuncturist concerning her high blood pressure. Not only did she come in hopes of finding a cure for her high blood pressure, she also found that she suffers from balance problems. The Chinese guru of an acupuncturist said, "Your whole body is out of balance. Fire blazes within you without equilibrium. You should take a vacation." Apparently, correlation exists between blood pressure and physical balance. Immediately, I became worried and confused. I have been searching for the cause of my mother's problems for some time now. Why is it that she never even noticed that the world was out of balance in her perspective? She always subtly mentioned the feeling of dizziness and the constant coldness of her right shoulder. But I never realized how serious her situation was. I now know that these symptoms are due to an imbalance.

Operations Management Final

Operations Management Final Report Case Study (1) Gate Turnaround at Southwest Airlines (Chapter Six) (2) Constraint Management at Southwest Airlines (Chapter Seven) (3) Lean Systems at Autoliv (Chapter Eight) (Derek Silkebaken) D974557 2012? 1? 2? Chapter 6 Planning Capacity Video Case: Gate Turnaround at Southwest Airlines Q1. How can Capacity and utilization be measured at an airline such as SWA? Answer: Capacity is the maximum rate of output of a process or a system.And utilization is measured as the ratio of average output rate to maximum capacity. In Southwest, capacity can be measured in available seat-miles (AMS) pre month. Therefore, utilization can be measured as the ratio of average seat-mile rate to maximum seat-miles. Q2. Which factors can adversely impact turn-around time as SWA? Answer: There many factors can adversely impact turn-around time as SWA. The aircraft has to be served by the ground operations team for its next departure.The grounds operations team consists of a baggage transfer driver who has responsibility for getting connecting flight baggage the ground operations team consists of baggage transfer driver who has responsibility for getting connecting flight bags to baggage claim for passenger pick-up, a lavatory truck driver who handles restroom receptacle drainage, a lead gate to handle baggage carts and track incoming and outgoing bag counts, and a bin agent to manage baggage and cargo inside the plane.In the same time, the provisioning truck has to restock supplies such as drinks and snacks. The fuel truck has to load fuel to the airplane. If any unexpected thing happens during the maintenance, it might slow down the flow of operations. Meanwhile, if the passengers can deplane and enplane as schedule, it is another concern. Anything from weather delays to unexpected maintenance issue at the gate can slow down the flow of operations and adversely impact turn-around time. Q3. How does Southwest Airlines know they are achieving thei r goals?Answer: Company executives know when they have achieved their goals when internal and external metrics are reached. For example, the Department of Transportation (DOT) tracks on-time departures, customer complains, and mishandles baggage for all airlines. Southwest Airline can collect all the relating information and The company sets targets for achievement on these dimensions and lets employees know on a monthly basis how the company is doing against those metrics compared to the rest of the industry.Regular communication with all employees is delivered via meeting, posters, and newsletters. Rewards such as prizes and profit sharing are given for successful achievement. Q4. What are the important long-term issues relevant for managing capacity, revenue, and customer satisfaction for SWA? Answer: Rolling King and Herb Kelleher started Southwest Airlines in 1971 with this idea: if they could take airline passengers where they want to go, on time, at the lowest possible price, and a good time while doing it, people would love to fly their airplane.These issues are still important for managing capacity, revenue, and customer satisfaction for SWA. Moreover, improving the utilization of its fleet by turning around an aircraft at the gate faster than its competitors is another major issue for SWA because even a single minute reduction in aircraft turnaround time system wide means additional seat-miles being added to the available capacity of Southwest Airlines. Chapter 7 Planning Capacity Video Case: Constraint Management at Southwest Airlines Q1. Analyze Southwest’s passenger boarding using the Theory of Constraints.Answer: From the lobby check-in process through to boarding at the gate and processing plane turnaround, the process of operating the airline filled with constraints that must be managed in order for them to be successful and profitable. Fight schedules are tightly orchestrated and controlled, departure and arrival gates at airports are l imited, and individual aircraft have seating capacities in each section of the plane, to name a few. Q2. Which boarding scenario among the different ones proposed would you recommend for implementation? Why?Answer: In my personal opinion, â€Å"assigned boarding gate line positions based on both boarding group and gate arrival time† is the most workable. The principle to assign position based on boarding group can satisfy the customers who travel in group and want to sit together. The customers might be family, friends or couples. Then the principal of gate arrival time is to meet the rule: first come, first served. If the assignments of the positions are according to the arrival time, there are few customers would complain about the unfairness.Therefore, customers would like to follow the rules and accept the assigned positions. The high-quality and fast customer service will impress all his customers. Q3. How should Southwest evaluate the gate boarding and plane turnaround process? Answer: Southwest should check if it can manage all potential bottleneck are effectively. Southwest’s famous rapid gate-turnaround of 25 minutes or less demonstrates how attention to the activities that ground operations must complete to clean, fuel, and prepare a plane for flight can become bottlenecks if not properly scheduled.In the terminal at the gate, passenger boarding also can be a bottleneck if the boarding process itself is not carefully managed. In 2007, as part of the company’s improvement activities, Southwest focused its attention on the passenger boarding process to determine whether there was a better way to board. Its existing process consisted of three groups: A, B, C, with no assigned seating. Depending on passenger check-in and arrival time, passengers were given a spot in group. Those first to check-in received choice places in the A group.Last to check-in ended up in the C group, and usually had a choice of only middle seats in the back o f the plane upon boarding. As passengers arrived at the gate, they queued up in their respective boarding group areas to await the boarding call. Q4. How will Southwest know that the bottleneck had indeed eliminated after the change in the boarding process? Answer: It can be evaluated by the change of the gate-turnaround time. If the bottleneck in the boarding process has been eliminated, then the gate-turnaround time should be shorter than 25 minutes. Meanwhile, profitability and customer satisfaction should be improved.Chapter 8 Designing Lean Systems Video Case: Lean Systems at Autoliv Q1. Why is a visual management approach such an integral part of Autoliv’s lean system? It allows Autoliv to keep track of work time needed to complete a customer’s order. A â€Å"rail† is used for the management of the heijunka cards in each cell. For instance, if the card is green, it means the work on a product that fulfills the customer’s order can be completed durin g normal working hours. If the card is yellow, overtime is needed to complete the order. But if the card is red, it means weekend overtime is needed.Also, the visual communication allows for the determination of when a group of cells is backed-up and not performing properly. If a cell is not performing at the required pace to meet customer demand, the cards will stack up on the rail and provide a very visual cue that the cell is not meeting expectations. And, this will provide an opportunity for the cell team members and management to implement immediate countermeasures to prevent required overtime if the situation is not remedied. Q2. Describe the JIT considerations presented in the chapter as they relate to Autoliv’s manufacturing environment?The following are types of Just in Time (JIT) activities according to the Tokyo Production System (TPS): Eliminate waste or muda: by cutting excess capacity or inventory and removing non-value-added activities. Kaizen: the understandin g that excess capacity or inventory hides underlying problems with the processors that produce a service or a product. Jidoka: automatically stopping the process when something is wrong and then fixing the problems on the line itself as they occur. Poka-yoke: mistake-proofing methods aimed at designing fail-safe systems that minimize human error.Takt time: cycle time needed to match the rate of production to the rate of sales or consumption. Heijunka: the leveling of production load by both volume and product mix. Q3. Which method of workflow is embodied in Autoliv’s system? Why is this approach most suitable to its lean environment? The Kanban System – a card is attached to each container of items produced. The container holds a given percent of the daily production requirements for an item. When the user of the parts empties a container, the card s removed from the container and put on a receiving post.The empty container is then taken to the storage area; the card s ignals the need to produce another container of the part. When the container has been refilled, the card is put back on the container which is then returned to a storage area. The cycle begins again when the use of the part retrieves the container with the card attached. Q4. When Autoliv started its lean journey, a number of operational benefits and implementation issues had to be addressed. What were they, and how were they addressed? Autoliv was not able to meet customer demands by fulfilling the needs of its automakers; they were pressured to change operations.They adopted the Autoliv Production System (APS) which was modeled after the Toyota Production System (TPS). In order to resolve visible problems, Autoliv performed daily audits, monthly training, and more in-depth education to help focus attention on where changes needed to be made. If there as an abnormal condition during the work execution that slowed down the work of the cell or stopped altogether, a â€Å"stop and fix † model was put into place. This allowed Autoliv to stop the production line immediately and be able to correct the problem before operations got worse.Next, to help focus efforts daily, Autoliv had a blue â€Å"communication wall† that everyone sees as they head to their work site. The wall contains the company’s â€Å"policy department,† which consists of company-wide goals for customer satisfaction, shareholder/financial performance, and safety and quality. Consequentially, all aisles and walkways surrounding cells are to be clear of materials debris, or other items. If anything appears in those areas, everyone can quickly see the abnormality and be able to keep the areas surrounding the cells clear of debris.